社会突现论对社会因果的研究

The Study of Social Causation by Social Emergentism

社会突现论是基于系统论与心灵哲学等学科而发展起来的关于社会本质与社会现象解释的方法的一种新型整体主义理论。社会突现论认为,社会一方面由个体聚集突现而成,前者具有后者所不具有的特殊属性;另一方面,社会与个体属于不同的层次,前者不能化归为后者。社会突现论视域中的社会因果研究是以个体主义与整体主义之争为背景,对于社会层次是否具有因果效力的研究。社会突现论所关注的社会因果问题是某个社会事件是否能够作为不以个体意志为转移的因素对另一社会事件或社会中的个体产生影响。社会突现论认为,某个社会事件能够作为一个"独立"的因素影响其他的社会事件或社会中的个体。社会因果既与个体密切相关又不可化归为个体的属性。

Social Emergencism is a new kind of holistic theory which developed based on the methods of System Theory and Philosophy of Mind to interpret the social nature and social phenomena. The Social Emergencism holds that the society emerges from the aggregation of individuals on the one hand, and the former has special attributes that the latter does not have. On the other hand, society and individuals belong to different levels, and the former cannot be classified as the latter. The social causality study in the perspective of Social Emergencism is based on the struggle between individualism and holism, and it is a study of whether there is causal effect at the social level. What the social causality question concerned by the Social Emergencism is whether a social event can influence another social event or the individual in society as a factor which does not depend on individual will. And Social Emergencism believes that a social event can affect other social events or individuals in society as an "independent" factor. Social causality has attributes that are closely related to individuals and cannot be classified as individuals.