研发投资、能力积累与全要素生产率提升

R&D, capacity accumulation and total factor productivity

本文基于反射法测算了中国制造业出口企业能力积累指标,依据测算结果展示了中国微观企业能力积累的差异与分布情况,并以2000-2006年工业企业数据库与海关数据库的微观数据为样本,构建实证模型考察了企业研发投资、能力积累与全要素生产率提升之间的关系。结果发现:企业研发与能力积累都有助于全要素生产率提高,中国企业在总体上表现出了产品创新生产模式的特点;对于异质性企业样本估计结果,非国有企业与税收优惠企业表现出产品创新生产模式的特点,国有企业与补贴企业表现出过程创新生产模式的特点;中国在高技术行业与中高技术行业尚未表现出产品创新模式的特征。中国应减少选择性产业政策,采用更具普惠性的税收优惠政策,更好地发挥市场竞争作用,激励企业的产品创新模式与生产率水平提高。

Based on the method of reflection, this paper measures the capacity of China’s manufacturing exporting firms, which shows an in-homogeneous distribution. This paper use the micro-data of industrial firm database and customs database from 2000 to 2006 to explore how R&D affects total factor productivity for firms with different capacity. The results show that both R&D and capacity facilitate the improvement of total factor productivity;China’s firms generally show the characteristics of product innovation;Non-state-owned firms and tax incentive firms show the characteristics of product innovation, state-owned firms and subsidized firms show the characteristics of process innovation;China’s medium and high technology industry have not demonstrated the characteristics of product innovation. China should implement inclusive tax incentives rather than selective industrial policies to make market competition work and encourage firms to improve their product innovation models and productivity levels.