精明收缩理念下城市空置问题的规划响应与启示——基于德国、美国和日本的比较

Planning Response and Implications for Urban Vacancy with the Experience of Smart Shrinkage in Germany,America,and Japan

受金融危机冲击与产业经济转型的影响,我国部分城市出现了以人口减少为标志的城市收缩现象。如何处理和应对由于城市收缩引发的空置问题是当前空间规划和城市治理值得研究的课题。精明收缩提倡的"更小的用地范围内、更少的人口规模"的规划理念已经引起学界的广泛关注,但由于制度背景和规划文化的差异,不同国家所采取的政策态度与应对策略存在显著区别。本文通过梳理德国、美国和日本典型收缩城市形成的背景与动因,结合关键时间节点,分析这三个国家在应对城市空置问题的态度和演变,重点讨论不同政治文化背景下政府、社会组织、市场、公众等角色的作用。本研究有助于厘清精明收缩理念在我国城市规划领域的适用性,并为我国城市如何合理应对人口收缩下的城市空置问题提供经验启示。

Recently,shrinking cities has become a new phenomenon of rapid urbanization in China.How to deal with the vacancy problem caused by urban shrinkage is a research topic that needs to be emphasized in spatial planning and urban governance.The smart shrinkage advocating"planning for less"has attracted widespread attention in the field of urban planning,but it shows diversified attitudes and responses in different institutions and cultures of countries,which also has a significant impact on its specific practice.Through investigating the formation and motivation of shrinking cities in Germany,America,and Japan,this paper analyses the attitudes and evolutions of coping with vacancy in combination with typical events,and discusses the roles(e.g.governments,social organizations,markets and the public)of smart shrinkage in these countries.We aim to explore the applicability of smart shrinkage in Chinese urban planning,and provides experience and implications on how to cope with urban shrinkage in China.