香港空中步行系统的规划实施运作研究

Research on the Planning and Implementation of Hong Kong Stereoscopic Pedestrian System

香港空中步行系统建设从规划设计、制度安排、运营管理等方面进行系统性的实践探索,其积累的经验对内地空中步行系统精细化设计和管理有重要的借鉴意义。香港空中步行系统已形成一套成熟的规划实施运作机制,它的建设实施可分成规划要点提取、开发建设、后期管理运营三大过程,涉及立项决策、土地契约及土地交易、设计、图则审查、施工建设、竣工验收、后期运营管理七大阶段。其建设实施推进并不是政府全盘操办的过程,而是具有灵活多样的实施操作方式。同时,在高品质的空中步行系统不断优化的过程中,完善的配套制度设计,如"认可人士"制度、建筑面积奖励政策、建筑图则制度、监督审查制度、物业管理制度也发挥了关键的保障作用。然而在建设协调过程中,香港空中步行系统也遭遇了"未能完全体现公共空间价值"和"无法保障综合效益"等问题。香港空中步行系统的经验,可为内地空中步行系统的规划与建设提供参考。

The construction of stereoscopic pedestrian system in Hong Kong has explored through the phases from planning design,to system arrangement,to operation management,etc.It greatly inspires the fine design and management for the stereoscopic pedestrian system within China's Mainland.The Hong Kong stereoscopic pedestrian system has had a matured organization from planning to operation.Its implementation contains three parts that key point extraction,development and construction,and later-period management and operation;and it contains seven phases that project approval and decision,land contract and land transaction,design,drawing examination,construction,final acceptance of construction,laterperiod operation and management.Meanwhile,its implementation and construction is not completely operated by the government,but implemented diversely,such like the top-down mode in unestablished areas,bottom-up mode in established areas,as well as the mode like the government building the overpass public accesses.Furthermore,the well-designed supporting institutions,such as"Authorized Person"system,floor area incentive policy,building plan system,supervision and review system,property management system,have played key roles to guarantee the refinement of the high quality stereoscopic pedestrian system.In the process of construction and coordination,stereoscopic pedestrian system in Hong Kong encountered the problems of"not fully reflecting the value of public space"and"not ensuring comprehensive benefits".The experience of stereoscopic pedestrian system in Hong Kong provides practical references and insights for the planning and construction of stereoscopic pedestrian system in China's Mainland.