灌浆期遮光对不同小麦品种产量的影响

Effect of Shading at Filling Stage on Yield of Different Wheat Varieties

为了应对长江中下游地区小麦生长期间连阴雨弱光逆境灾害天气,以来自湖北、安徽、江苏、河南等省的48个小麦品种作为供试材料,在小麦灌浆期利用遮阴网进行遮光处理,分析遮光处理(AS)与不遮光处理(对照)不同小麦品种生物量、产量及其构成因素的差异,并进行耐弱光性聚类分析,筛选弱光适应性小麦主栽品种。结果表明,灌浆期遮光处理所有小麦品种生物量、产量、千粒质量、穗粒数均呈降低趋势,而且降低幅度因品种而异,产量降低幅度高于生物量、千粒质量、穗粒数;灌浆期遮光处理植株秸杆干质量占比增大。穗粒数和千粒质量与产量均呈极显著正相关,穗粒数、千粒质量、产量均受品种、遮光极显著影响,穗粒数和千粒质量的降低是遮光导致产量降低的主要因素。生物量降低幅度、秸杆干质量占比增加幅度、千粒质量降低幅度及三者之和均与产量降低幅度呈显著正相关,以上述指标进行耐弱光性聚类分析将参试小麦品种主要分为三大类,即弱光敏感型、中间型和弱光钝感型,其中弱光钝感型品种有襄麦56、襄麦D31、南农0686、襄麦55、皖西麦0638、郑麦9023、扬麦22、郑麦7698、皖科06290、漯麦6010、荆州102、阜麦8号、农大195、扬麦158、阜麦9号,这些品种可以作为弱光适应性小麦主栽品种。

In order to cope with continuous rain during the growth period of wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,48 wheat varieties from Hubei,Anhui,Jiangsu,Henan and other regions were selected as test materials,the shading test was performed using a shading net at filling stage,and the differences in biomass,yield and its components were studied between shading treatment and control treatment without shading,finally the major low light tolerant wheat varieties were screened.The results showed that the biomass,yield,thousand-grain weight,grain number per spike of all wheat varieties of the shading treatment decreased,the decrease ranges were different among different varieties,and the decrease range of yield was higher than those of biomass,thousand-grain weight,grain number per spike.The percentage of dry straw weight of shading treatment increased.Thousand-grain weight and grain number per spike were significantly positively related with yield,thousand-grain weight,grain number per spike and yield were significantly affected by variety and shading,and the decreases of thousand-grain weight and grain number per spike were the main factors for decrease of yield caused by shading.The decrease range of biomass and thousand-grain weight and increase range of percentage of dry straw weight were significantly positively related with decrease range of yield.The wheat varieties were divided into three types by the cluster analysis,including low light tolerant type,low light sensitive type and middle type.Low light tolerant varieties included Xiangmai 56,Xiangmai D31,Nannong 0686,Xiangmai 55,Wanximai 0638,Zhengmai 9023,Yangmai 22,Zhengmai 7698,Wanke 06290,Luomai 6010,Jingmai 102,Fumai No.8,Nongda 195,Yangmai 158 and Fumai No.9,which could be used as main low light adaptive varieties.