利用SD法的国家公园森林景观美感评价--以武夷山国家公园为例

A Study on the Evaluation of Forest Landscape Beauty in National Parks Based on SD Method--Taking Wuyishan National Park as an example

国家森林公园景观美感评价是景观美学研究重要内容之一。目前景观美感评价的研究基本集中在城市规划、园林绿化等领域,针对森林景观资源的美学评价也以总体评价研究为主,缺乏基于游客综合感知的森林景观美感评价相关研究。以武夷山国家公园作为研究对象,运用SD(semantic differential)法将森林美感受的评价项目归纳为14项,建立景观美感评价因子特征及总体满意度和美感受评分表,结合李克特5级量表,开展森林景观美感评价量化研究,分析人们对森林旅游的期望与追求标准。结果显示,人们对武夷山国家公园风景区的森林景观美感受整体呈现中上水平,对可视景观美感受大于听觉和嗅觉上的感受度,不同到访次数、年龄、学历人群对美感受满意度有差别。在森林旅游景观规划中,要加强可视景观打造,并从心理角度关注不同人群的需求和再访游客的审美心理变化。

Landscape aesthetic evaluation of National Forest Park is one of the important contents of landscape aesthetic research. At present, the research of landscape aesthetic evaluation is mainly concentrated in urban planning,landscaping and other fields, and the aesthetic evaluation of forest landscape resources is mainly based on the overall evaluation, lacking the related research of forest landscape aesthetic evaluation based on the comprehensive perception of tourists.Taking Wuyishan National Park as the research object, this paper uses SD(semantic differential) method to summarize the evaluation items of forest aesthetic feeling into 14 items, establishes the evaluation factor characteristics of landscape aesthetic feeling and the overall satisfaction and aesthetic feeling rating table, and carries out quantitative researchevaluation combined with Likert 5-level scale, and analyzes people’s expectation and pursuit standard for forest tourism. The results show that people’s perception of the beauty of forest landscape in Wuyishan National Park is in the middle and upper level, and the perception of the beauty of visual landscape is greater than that of the sense of hearing and smell. The satisfaction of people with different visit times, ages and education background is different. In the forest tourism landscape planning,we should strengthen the construction of visual landscape, and pay attention to the needs of different groups of people and the aesthetic psychological changes of revisited tourists from the psychological point of view.