阿赫玛托娃第七部诗集《时间的飞奔》出版始末

A Historical Study of the Publication of Akhmatova's The Flight of Time

阿赫玛托娃把第七部诗集《时间的飞奔》看成自己一生创作的总结,这部诗集几乎耗尽了诗人生命的最后20年。诗人挑选诗作遵循的并非写作时间的顺序,而是赋予其一种统摄全局的连贯性,她为这部诗集设置了一个宏阔的语境,并在这个大的抒情语境下对不同时代的作品进行选择。阿赫玛托娃一次又一次改写提纲,因此,该书因政治和历史原因有多个版本,所选作品也有所不同。从最初的构思起直至2013年半个多世纪以后,倾注了诗人心血,体现诗人构思的第一个版本才以最初的面貌示人。这部诗集的出版历史即使在俄罗斯也鲜有读者了解。本文基于历史史料追溯该诗集的出版历程,以此透视阿赫玛托娃为代表的20世纪俄罗斯诗人艰辛的创作之路;通过对比1965年和2013年的两个版本,揭示其在诗作数量、创作主题和诗歌风格上的显著不同,阐明《时代的飞奔》对于理解成熟时期的阿赫玛托娃艺术世界的重要价值,其对时间和空间的精确认识,对历史真谛的宏大呈现,对时代的先知般感受。

Anna Akhmatova devoted her last twenty years of life to The Flight of Time,the seventh collection of her poems and the summary of her poetry writing.And in her poem selection,she didn't highlight the time of writing,but instead,a dominant coherence or the context conemed with writing at different times.In so doing,Akhmatova modified her outline time and time again,and sometimes had to make way for the press censorship,failing to observe the aesthetic value rightfully.As such,there appeared on the one hand various versions of The Flight of Time,each with a content changing with political or historical situations,and on the other hand,the very first edition did not show up until 2013 although it best represented Akhmatova's idea.Considering few people know the whole story of the publication of The Flight of Time even in Russia,this paper is designed to historically examine the publication process of The Flight of Time,revealing the hardships the Russian poets in the 20th century such as Akhmatova encountered and overcame;a comparison of the 1965 version and the 2013 version can demonstarte the striking differences in quantity,themes and styles,illustrate the significance of The Flight of Time in understanding mature Akhmatova's art world,in particular her accurate knowledge of time and space,her grand presentation of historical truth,and prophetic sensibility as well.