格罗塞与中国艺术品入藏德国

Ernst Grosse and Germany’s Collection of Chinese Arts

圆明园文物被劫掠的另一效应是在华西人对中国艺术品的持续收购,高官和亲贵私售是京城古董铺之外的另一出货渠道,构成中国艺术品外流的重要组成部分。世博会的勃兴,高度契合工业化时代欧美对工业分支之一的工艺品的强烈需求。而明治维新之后的日本主动融入国际社会,借助世博会把日本艺术品推向世界,引发19世纪后半叶的"日本风"。弗莱堡大学民族学教师格罗塞正是德国不多见的东亚艺术品鉴赏、收藏和研究先驱,在日本古董商林忠正帮助下,他从认知和收藏日本艺术品进而蝶化为中国艺术品的鉴赏、收藏和研究专家,先赴东京低价收进林忠正的遗产,又抵北京采购中国文物,晚年又著文积累东亚艺术品的基础知识,最终对德国乃至国际中国艺术品的收藏和研究产生了影响。

Yuanmingyuan’s precious arts were plundered by the brute Eight-Power Allied Forces.Then the Westerners in China constantly purchased Chinese arts through the private market.The popularity of World Fair was an effort to meet the industrialized Euramerica’s desire for world arts.Japanism was the child of the marriage of Japan’s endeavor and World Fair in the late 19 th century.Ernst Grosse,who taught at Freiburg University,unusually pioneered in collecting Chinese arts in Germany.Tadamasa Hayashi,an antique dealer,played quite a significant role in Grosse’s transformation from an expert in Japanese arts to an old hand of Chinese arts.