中华人民共和国成立初期汉字简化改革研究

Study on the Simplification of Traditional Chinese Characters in the Early Years of the People’s Republic of China

在汉字拼音化改革的理论和实践问题仍未解决的情况下,为了更快地扫除文盲和普及教育,进行汉字简化成为共产党人一种较为现实的选择。中华人民共和国成立初期的汉字简化改革主要由语言文字研究专家主导,在顺应群众需求的同时,并没有因过分追求简化而走向"民粹"路线。在汉字简化方案的制订和推行过程中,文字改革工作者以"约定俗成"为基本原则,参考了近代以来学术界对简体字的研究成果,广泛征求社会各界的意见,对其进行有针对性的修改,分批推行,维护了汉字本身的稳定性和规范性。绝大部分知识分子和普通群众是支持汉字简化改革的,推行简化字有利于识字扫盲,进一步增强工农群众对新政权的政治认同,但亦有一些知识分子对简化字产生疑义。1957年的政治运动中断了文字改革中的思想争鸣,客观上损害到这项改革的合法性,并进而影响到现今汉字简繁之争。

The reform of simplified Chinese characters in the early period of PRC was led by the CCP,mainly led by the language and characters research experts,in response to the needs of the masses,not too much pursuit of simplification,towards the"populist"line.In the process of making and carrying out the simplified plan of Chinese characters,the reformers adopted the basic principle of"convention"as the basic principle,maintained the stability and standardization of the characters themselves.The vast majority of intellectuals and ordinary people supported the reform of simplified Chinese characters,especially the implementation of simplified Chinese characters,which further strengthened the political identity of the workers and peasants towards the new regime,but some intellectuals had doubts about it.