明末皮岛通商前粮饷不足问题探析

An Analysis of the Lack of Provisions and Funds for Troops before the Beginning of Commerce in Pidao Island in the Late Ming Dynasty

天启元年(1621),明辽东将领毛文龙率军袭取镇江。第二年他进驻皮岛,建立东江镇,以求自保和牵制后金。皮岛通商前维持生计的粮饷主要来源于明廷海运补给、朝鲜救助及海岛屯田。但受岛内人口增加、皮岛自然条件的限制、运饷官员贪污、朝鲜国内萧条以及后金对朝鲜施加压力等诸多因素影响,上述来源均不能解决岛上粮饷不足的问题。

In 1621,Mao Wenlong,a high-ranking military officer of the eastern part of Liaohe in the Ming Dynasty,occupies Zhenjiang.In the following year,he enters Pidao Island and establishes the town of Dongjiang to seek self-protection and pin down troops from the Later Jin.Before the beginning of commerce in Pidao Island,the provisions and funds for life mainly come from the replenishment shipped by the government,the relief from Korea,and island reclamation.However,affected by such factors as the increasing population on the island,the natural condition on the island,officer corruption,the depression in Korea,and the pressure on Korea from the Later Jin,the above channels of provisions and funds are insufficient.