价格随机条件下的闭环供应链应急数量弹性契约

Emergency Quantity Flexibility Contract of Closed-loop Supply Chain under Stochastic Price

在突发事件引起价格随机的条件下,采用数量弹性契约协调二级闭环供应链。针对价格稳定和价格随机两种市场情形,提出一种新的回收数量函数。认为回收数量应该受回收价格和期望销售量影响,而不是受回收价格和市场需求共同影响。根据新的回收数量函数建立应急数量弹性契约模型,探究闭环供应链协调的约束条件,得到废旧品最优回收价格和最优订货策略,对模型进行算例分析。研究结果表明:采用新的回收数量函数时闭环供应链拥有更高的最优订货量。当市场需求规模不断扩大时,期望需求量与期望销售量之间的差异也不断扩大,此时若以期望需求量为基础度量回收数量将会高估废旧品的真实回收数量,新的回收数量函数以期望销售量作为度量基础,能够有效克服这种缺陷。价格稳定和价格随机的突发事件下,基准数量弹性契约不能协调闭环供应链,若对批发价做出适当调整,闭环供应链能够恢复协调。

Under the condition that the emergencies cause the price to be stochastic,the quantity flexibility contract is used to coordinate the two-stage closed-loop supply chain. Referring to market situations of stable price and stochastic price,a new way of measuring the quantity of recycling is proposed. It is believed that the quantity of recycling should be affected by the recycling price and the stochastic expected sales volume,instead of being affected by the recycling price and market demand. Under the new function of recycling quantity,the quantity flexibility contract model is established respectively to explore the constraints of the closed-loop supply chain coordination. The optimal collecting price and optimal ordering strategy of the respective are obtained,and the model is numerically simulated. Results show that the closed-loop supply chain has a higher optimal order quantity when using the new function of recycling quantity. When the market demand scale continues to increase,the difference between the market expected demand and the expected sales of the product is also expanding. At this moment,if the measurement is based on the expected market demand,the actual recycling quantity of the waste product will be overestimated,but if the new function of recycling quantity measures the amount of recycling based on expected sales,this shortcoming can be effectively overcoming. Under emergencies with stable price and stochastic price respectively,the benchmark quantity flexibility contract cannot coordinate the closed-loop supply chain. But if the wholesale price is properly adjusted,the closed-loop supply chain can recover to coordination.