论大规模侵权事件中的纯粹精神损害

The Compensation Rule of Pure Emotional Distress in Mass Tort

大规模侵权事件中,加害人违反注意义务的行为将受害群体的生命或身体健康置于危险状态之中导致其罹患重大疾病的风险显著增加,受害群体的人格利益受到侵害并由此产生了严重的精神痛苦,即使其尚未受到有形性身体损害或人身伤害,其所产生的严重精神痛苦作为一种纯粹精神损害具有法律上的可赔偿性。美国法上,法院逐渐突破精神损害作为人身损害附属品的传统思路,在一定条件下将纯粹精神损害纳入赔偿范围;日本法上,通说认为纯粹精神损害是平稳生活权这一精神性人格权益受到侵害的结果,应当以"社会合理性"为标准对受害群体的严重精神损害进行事实推定。通过比较研究发现,在中国法解释学框架内,大规模侵权事件中的纯粹精神损害赔偿具有现实上的可操作性。

In the case of a mass tort,the behavior of the inflictor who violated the duty of care put the life or physical health of certain people in a dangerous state,significantly increase the risk of suffering a serious disease. The serious mental distress caused by the personality injury is legally compensable,even it is a pure emotional distress, not subjected to tangible physical damage or personal injury. When judging whether the mental suffering of the victim is authentic or reasonable,it should be based on the general rational person in the society. If it exceeds the limits and scope that a general rational person can tolerate,it should be presumed that the victim has suffered severe mental damage and should give them the right of claim for pure mental damages.