论全球气候治理中城市的角色转型--兼论中国困境与出路

On City’s Role Transformation in Global Climate Governance--Also on China’s Predicaments and Outlets

从全球气候治理的1.0时期、2.0时期到3.0时期,城市逐渐实现了从"幕后参与者"到"共同引领者"的角色转型。这一转型既得益于全球治理理论在气候变化领域的延伸,更受惠于城市外交理论的推动和全球气候治理中"集体行动的困境"之驱使。就目前来看,中国城市的这一"共同引领者"角色还无法完全体现出来--不仅在隐性的"南北分割"的权力结构和发展中国家的气候治理分歧中,面临着对外发展的困境;而且在中央政府对地方政府的气候治理行动的"单向"型构造及城市的"经济发展"和"治理责任"的两难抉择中,面临着对内优化的瓶颈。针对这些问题,中国可以采取"两条干路+六条支路"的"两轨并行"式路径来寻求合理的应对之策。国家可以在寻求发展中国家的集体身份认同之时,进一步完善国内温室气体减排政策和立法,并赋予城市以一定的自主性;而城市也可以在深化城市气候外交,加强与国家的"双向"型气候治理互动的同时,推动"韧性城市"的长效发展。

From the 1.0 and 2.0 Era to the 3.0 Era of global climate governance, city has gradually realized the role transformation from "Participant behind the Scene" to "Co-leader". This change is driven not only by the extension of global governance theory in the field of climate change, but also by the promotion of urban diplomacy theory and the "dilemma of collective action" in global climate governance. For now, however, China’s city couldn’t give full play to the function of "co-leader"-it is not only facing the dilemma of foreign development with the implicit power structure of "South-North" and divergence in climate governance among developing countries, but also facing the bottleneck of internal optimization with the "unidirectional" type structure of climate governance between central government and local government, and coordination between city’s "economic development" and"governance responsibility". To solve those problems, China can adopt the mode of "parallel tracks" formed by"two trunk roads plus six branch roads" to seek reasonable countermeasures. In other words, the country of China can seek its identity of developing country in the global society, further improve domestic policies and legislation on greenhouse gas emission reduction, and give city a certain degree of autonomy;while the city can deepen urban climate diplomacy, strengthen the "bidirectional" type of climate governance interaction with the country of China, and promote the long-term development of "resilient city".