海岸带海陆交互作用过程及其生态环境效应研究进展

Land-ocean interactions and their eco-environmental effects in the coastal zone:Current progress and future perspectives

海岸带是地球表层物质、能量和信息流通交换最活跃区域之一,具有动态变化的盐度、溶解氧等地球化学梯度,其界面过程体现在大气降水-河水-海水-地下水-沉积物之间的物质循环和能量交换.在人类活动与气候变化双重影响下,海岸带面临着气候灾害、海岸侵蚀、海水入侵、滨海湿地退化、水体富营养化以及重金属、新型污染物等生态环境问题,成为地球科学和环境科学领域研究的热点.本文围绕海岸带水文-生物地球化学循环、人类活动影响下的海岸带环境问题、海岸带环境对气候变化的响应、海岸带海陆交互界面观测新技术新方法4个方面,综述了国内外研究进展与发展趋势,展望了海陆交互作用及其生态环境效应研究的未来发展方向.

Under the impact of human activities and climate change,coastal zone is one of the most eco-en-vironmentally vulnerable regions of the Earth's surface system with most active exchange for substance,energy and information.With dynamically changing gradients of geochemical parameters such as salinity and dissolved oxygen,the interface processes of coastal zone are manifested in the substance transport and energy exchanges between precipitation,river,ocean,groundwater and sediment.Taking into account of the major eco-environmental problems of climate disasters,coastal erosion,seawater intrusion,coastal wetland degradation,eutrophication,heavy metals,emerging contaminants and microplastic inputs,this paper pro-vided an overview of research advances in four aspects:hydro-biogeochemical cycle,impacts of land-based human activities on coastal environment,the response of coastal environment to climate change,and new methods and technologies for multi-interface observation,and then an outlook on the future developments in studying land-ocean interactions and their eco-environmental effects.