面向地质时空大数据表达与存储管理的数据模型研究

Data model for geological spatiotemporal big data expression and storage management

随着传感器实时监测等高新技术在地质勘查或生产开发中的应用,形成了动态与静态并存、多源异构的地质时空大数据.然而,目前地质信息系统在地质数据组织管理方面,主要是静态地存储和表达出地质矿产勘查或生产开发在某个特定时期的状态,尚不能满足对勘查或生产开发过程中实时信息的存储管理,进而支持对地质过程的分析和研判.针对性开展了地质时空大数据表达与存储管理的数据模型研究,目标是能够融合数据多源与时空多维性,又能够支持时间关联与时间多粒性.针对地质大数据、地质过程的静态与动态数据紧密结合的特点,采用面向对象和基于事件的思想,提出了基于事件多因素驱动的地质时空大数据概念模型,并开展了相应的地质大数据存储管理逻辑模型、基于系统工程库的管理结构和地质时空对象管理模型设计.基于地质时空大数据逻辑组织管理模型和时空过程的非关系型分布式数据库架构,设计了地质大数据存储模型.融合三维地质建模技术、动态监测信息实时可视化等技术,构建了所需模型过程模拟的三维环境,通过绑定观测数据源,设计实现了基于OPC接口的模拟数据产生事件、作用对象响应的矿山动态开采流程.在王家岭煤矿首采区地质数据支持下开展了应用研究,实现地质时空事件条件下的矿山动态开采过程表达与数据管理,验证了本文模型的可行性和有效性.

Geological big data is a typical spatiotemporal big data.Most of present geological information systems only support the storage and expression of the static status of geological exploration or production in a specific period.However,with the development and application of multiple sensors,real-time monito-ring and other high-tech in the geological exploration,which results in more and more dynamic and multi-source heterogeneous geological data being produced.In practical application,it is in urgent need to deal with the real-time increasing big data in the geological exploration and production,which can strongly sup-port the analysis and judgement of the geological process.In this paper,we study the traditional data model for geological spatiotemporal expression and storage management with the target of a new hybrid model,which can not only deal with the multi-sources and multi-dimensional data,but also support the time asso-ciated and time granularity.According to the characteristics of geological big data and the combinations of static and dynamic geological process data,we took both the object-oriented and event based method and put forward a geological event multi-factors driven model.We also designed the corresponding geological data logic model for distributed storage.Based on the geological data logical model and NoSQL database technology,we designed a non-relational distributed database schema.With the use of 3D geological model-ing technology,real-time dynamic monitoring information visualization technology,we build a necessary virtual simulation environment for the hybrid model.By binding the observation data source,which is oper-ation as an events emitter based on the OPC interface,the dynamic mining process is simulating as the geo-logical objects responding to their corresponding events.Under the support of geological modeling data and reports and other data in the first mining area of Wang Jialing coal mine,we tried to implement the model application with multi geological spatiotemporal events.The results show that the data model is feasible,applicable for the expression and data management of mine dynamic mining process.