太阳辐射得热影响下的近零能耗住宅体形设计研究

Form design of nearly zero energy residence due to solar heat gains

寒冷地区近零能耗住宅中,太阳辐射得热对住宅的采暖需求影响显著,进而影响住宅的体形节能设计.从全年冷热能量平衡的角度,通过对窗墙比、太阳得热系数、体形系数与寒冷地区住宅供暖制冷需求的关系进行敏感性分析,发现近零能耗目标下住宅的南、东、西向外窗是整体得热构件,这一结论表明:以体形系数控制建筑散热面积来实现降低近零能耗住宅冷热需求的方法是不适宜的.由此,在此基础上通过多元线性回归建立了住宅年冷热需求与建筑形体的数学模型,其可为我国寒冷地区近零能耗住宅的性能化设计提供必要理论依据.

Heat sources due to solar radiation seems to have much more influence than transmission heat dissipation on nearly zero energy buildings,which also results in the differences in building form design methods.In this study,the single-factor and two-factor sensitivity analysis is applied to find the relationship between window-wall ratio,solar heat gain coefficient,shape coefficient and the heating and cooling demand of residential buildings in cold areas from the perspective of energy balance.The results indicate that the window(south,east and west direction external window)under the goal of nearly zero energy consumption was the overall heat gain component,which indicated that using the shape coefficient to reduce the radiating area so as to realize decreasing energy consumption was unsuitability for nearly zero energy building.Finally,multiple linear regression was carried out to build the formula of heating and cooling demand,which provided a theoretical foundation for the performance-oriented design of nearly zero residence forms in the cold zones of China.