水肥调控对油橄榄光合特性的影响

Effect of Water and Fertilizer Regulation on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Olea europaea

以昆明市海口林场油橄榄种植园51年生油橄榄为研究对象,采用水肥调控处理,对比分析始花期、盛花期、幼果期、熟果期叶片的叶绿素相对含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率的差异,建立净光合速率与果实产量及品质的关联性。结果表明:水肥调控显著提高了油橄榄物候期的叶绿素相对含量、净光合速率和水分利用效率,显著提高了始花期和幼果期的气孔导度,但对油橄榄生理期光合指标的变化趋势影响较小。油橄榄物候期的叶绿素相对含量、净光合速率呈直线上升的趋势,气孔导度呈下降升高再降低的波状曲线,蒸腾速率先升高后降低的趋势,水分利用效率先降低后升高的趋势。此外,油橄榄物候期的净光合速率与饱和脂肪酸呈显著正相关,与亚油酸含量呈显著负相关,而与果实产量、含油率、不饱和脂肪酸的相关性均不显著。由此可见,水肥调控能够提高油橄榄的光合特性,但不影响油橄榄物候期光合趋势,合理的水肥管理有益于促进油橄榄果实饱和脂肪酸的积累提升。

This study used 51-year-old Olea europaea plantation in Haikou Forest Farm of Kunming City,using water and fertilizer regulation treatment,Chlorophyll content(SPAD),net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs),and water use efficiency(WUE)of leaves at initial flowering stage,full bloom stage,young fruit stage,and ripe fruit stage were compared and analyzed,and the correlation between Pn and fruit yield and quality was established.The results showed that the regulation of water and fertilizer significantly increased the SPAD,Pn and WUE of O.europaea during phenophase,and significantly increased the Gs at the initial flowering stage and the young fruit stage,but had little effect on the change trend of photosynthetic index of O.europaea during physiological period.The SPAD and Pn of O.europaea increased linearly during phenophase,the wavy curve of Gs decreased,increased and then decreased,the trend of Tr increased first and then decreased,and the WUE decreased first and then increased.In addition,Pn was positively correlated with saturated fatty acids and negatively correlated with linoleic acid content,but not with fruit yield,oil content and unsaturated fatty acids.From this,the regulation of water and fertilizer can improve the photosynthetic characteristics of O.europaea,but it does not affect the photosynthetic trend of O.europaea during phenophase.Reasonable water and fertilizer management is beneficial to the accumulation and promotion of saturated fatty acids in O.europaea fruit.