北京市低影响开发设施植物应用现状与评价优化

APPLICATION STATUS AND EVALUATION OPTIMIZATION OF THE PLANTS IN BEIJING LID FACILITIES

植物是多种雨水源头减排设施基本的构成要素,其生长情况与应用效果很大程度上影响着海绵城市的功能和效果。以北京市21个海绵城市项目中72个低影响开发(LID)设施的植物景观作为研究对象展开建成后评估。通过实地调查法,对LID设施内植物的应用种类与频度、配置模式、观赏特性等方面进行分析;采用层次分析法从植物生态习性、雨水功能性与观赏性3个方面构建LID设施植物景观评价体系,并对10组典型设施的植物群落综合效益进行评价。结合评价分析结果,提出综合效益高的植物配置模式及优化思路,以期为北京市和中国北方地区LID设施的植物景观优化提供参考。

Plants are the basic constituent units of sponge facilities,and their growth and application status greatly affects the function and performance of sponge facilities.This article took the plant landscape of 72 low impact development(LID)facilities in 21 sponge city projects in Beijing as research objects and conducted post-completion evaluation.Through field survey,the species and applying frequency of plants in LID facilities,configuration mode,ornamental characteristics,growth status and existing problems were summarized;analytical hierarchy process(AHP)was used to construct an LID facility plant landscape evaluation system from three aspects,plant ecological habits,rainwater functionality and ornamental properties;the constructed evaluation system was used to rate 10 plant communities for typical LID facilities in Beijing.Based on the results of the evaluation and analysis,the plant configuration with high comprehensive benefits and optimization approaches were proposed,to provide a reference for the plant landscape improvement of LID facilities in Beijing and northern China.