古代文学中的凌霄花

Campsis Grandiflora in Ancient Chinese Literature

凌霄花是我国原产花卉,花色艳丽,形态别致,备受古人关注。《诗经》中已有描写,后经历代文人不断书写,留下不少篇章。凌霄异名较多,唐以前一般称为“苕”“陵苕”,唐代始称“凌霄”。唐代凌霄花的文学表现开始增多,宋代时进入繁盛期,形成明确稳定的审美认识与情感表达。明清时期在沿袭前代的基础上有所发展。人们对凌霄花的审美认识和情感寄托较为复杂,着眼于不同特色,便有不同的思想情感象征。或被人用来表达美丽红艳、生机勃勃;或被人们用来象征昂扬奋进、自强不息;又因为本身不能直立,总要借助外物攀爬,所以又用以表示依附外物、小人得志。

Campsis grandiflora is an original flower in China.Because of its unique biological attributes and image posture,together with its showy flowers,it has attracted much attention in ancient times.Since it has been described in The Book of Songs,many chapters have been left in ancient literary.There are many different names for this flower.Before the Tang Dynasty,it was generally called“Tiao”or“Ling Tiao”,and in the Tang Dynasty it began to be called“Ling Xiao”.The literary presentation of it in the Tang Dynasty began to increase,and in the Song Dynasty it entered a prosperous period,forming a more stable aesthetic implication and emotional expression.Developed on the basis of the previous dynasties.People's aesthetic understanding and emotional sustenance of this flower in the Ming and Qing Dynasties became more complex.With different characteristics in mind,it has different ideological and emotional meanings.It is used by people to express beauty,redness and vitality because it blooms brightly;it is used by people to symbolize high spirited and self-improvement since it can grow and soar in any environment.However,because it can't stand upright alone and has to clinging on other things to grow,it is also used to symbolize the dependent personality of trivial men.