为政以德 譬如北辰--略论宋江何以成为梁山领袖

To Govern by Virtue Can be Compared to the Pole Star:On Why Song Jiang Became the Leader of Liangshan

在《水浒传》阅读研究中,宋江是争议最多的一个人物形象。其何以成为梁山义军领袖,更是聚讼纷纭的焦点。本文认为,宋江“让天下英雄归服的领袖人格”内涵,是署名李贽序中所谓“忠义”之德,小说中作者叙述,及书中人物评价,皆为明证,这也是中国传统尚德文化涵养的结果。细品宋江的“忠义”,又可分为两个有别的层面:以忠贞孝义为主要内容的道德修养,以替天行道、护国安民为中心的家国情怀。后一层面的内涵,也使得宋江之忠,由忠于一家一姓的封建朝廷,向忠于民族、忠于人民升华,《水浒传》因此具有了更加伟大的历史文化意义和品格。

Song Jiang is one of the most controversial characters in the study of Water Margin.Why he became the leader of the Liangshan rebellion is a focus of dispute.This paper holds that the connotation of Song Jiang's“leader personality which attracts all the heroes of the world”is just the so-called“loyalty and righteousness”described in Li Zhi's preface.This can be clearly proved by the description of the author in the novel and the evaluation of the characters in the book.It is also the result of the cultivation of Chinese traditional virtue culture.Song Jiang's“loyalty and righteousness”can be divided into two different levels:the moral cultivation with loyalty and filial piety as the main content,and the feelings of his family and country as the center of doing good deeds for heaven and protecting the country and the people.The connotation of the latter level also makes Song Jiang's loyalty sublimate from being only loyal to the feudal court and royal family,to being loyal to the nation and the people.Therefore,the Water Margin has greater historical and cultural significance and character.