隔绝于“礼”文化的游魂阿Q--兼论《阿Q正传》的历史戏拟

Ah Q,the Wandering Soul Isolated from the“Ritual”Culture--Also On the Historical Parody of The True Story Of Ah Q

传统的历史叙事为“不朽之笔传不朽之人”,鲁迅用文学的方式进行历史叙说,为社会最底层的人立传,用细节性的笔法与碎片式的勾勒为读者呈现出一种独特的人性之劣。《阿Q正传》是对传统历史的戏拟。中国传统文化的核心是“礼”,“礼”是仁的具体表现形式,儒家的本源是对人性之善的高度信仰。阿Q时代未庄之“礼”已失去其生命力,传统礼制教育中的“善”被丢掉。“礼”使得未庄有了一个等级森严的垂直结构,并呈现出乡村所特有的“静态”,具有排他性。阿Q行状渺茫,如水上浮萍,是一个飘荡在未庄的游魂。他处于一种十分自然的生命状态,未接受传统礼制教育,整个人生是彻底感性化的,即失“礼”与失“理”。鲁迅通过阿Q去审视受传统礼制教育的上层人物以及有“礼”的未庄,借以表达了对儒家文化之根本——“礼”的思考。

The traditional historical narrative is“the immortal writing of the immortal person”.Lu Xun establishes a biography for the people at the bottom of the society through a literary method.He uses a detailed and fragmented style of writing to describe the behavior of Ah Q’s life which outlines a unique inferiority of humanity to readers.The True Story of Ah Q is a parody of traditional history.The core of Chinese traditional culture is“ritual”,which is also a concrete manifestation of benevolence.The origin of Confucianism is a high belief in the goodness of human nature.In the Ah Q’s era,the“ritual”of Weizhuang has lost its vitality,and the“goodness”in traditional ritual education is lost.The“ritual”has given Weizhuang a hierarchically vertical structure,showing the unique“static”and exclusive nature of the village.Ah Q is a rolling stone,floating duckweed,and a wandering soul.He is in a very natural state of life,who has not received the traditional ritual education.His whole life is completely perceptual,which we call lost“ritual”and lost“ration”.Lu Xun examines the upper-level characters of the traditional ritual education and explores Weizhuang with“ritual”to express his thoughts on the fundamental of Confucianism about“ritual”through the description of Ah Q.