1950年代联邦德国文学场与君特·格拉斯

Literature Field of Federal German in 1950s and Günter Grass

1950年代,初涉文坛的联邦德国青年作家君特·格拉斯,凭借小说《铁皮鼓》一夜成名,并将德国文学提高到了世界水平。本文试图引入皮埃尔·布尔迪厄的文学场概念来解读这一文学实践。在勾勒这个时期联邦德国文学场特征及其变化的基础上,通过分析作为文学场新人的格拉斯的资本和习性,可以看出,这个文学实践的成功,是格拉斯勇于反抗束缚、特立独行的结果,更是1950年代联邦德国青年一代追求民主,探寻资本主义和社会主义之外“第三条道路”的要求。

In the 1950s,Günter Grass,a young German writer who had first been bumped into the literary circles,became famous overnight with his novel“die Blechtrommel(Tin Drum)”and raised German literature to the world level.This paper attempts to introduce Pierre Bourdieu's concept of literary field to interpret this literary practice.On the basis of outlining the characteristics and changes of the literary field of Federal Germany during this period,and through the analysis of the capital and habitus of Grass as a novice in the literature field,it can be seen that the success of this literary practice is the result of Grass's courage to resist restraints and act on his own.And furthermore,it represents the requirements of the youths of Federal German in the 1950s to pursue democracy and explore the“Third Road”besides capitalism and socialism.