普斯卡什奖视阈下足球攻门技术的研究

Trends of Soccer Scoring Techniques Based on FIFA Puskás Awards View

足球比赛中,进球得分是每支球队的终极目标,娴熟多样的攻门技术对进球机会的扩大具有关键性的作用。以2009-2018年度入选国际足联"普斯卡什奖"候选提名的100个进球、10个获奖进球为研究对象,对进球的攻门方式、攻门立体空间、攻门技术动作及其对进球机会的影响进行量化统计。结果:(1)52%的国际足普奖候选进球采用的是直接攻门方式,58%的候选进球为空中球攻门;(2)候选进球中绝大多数球员体位采用的是面对和侧对球门的方式(占89%),间内球占54%,侧方球占29%,间外球仅占17%;(3)100个侯选进球中,球员使用了12种不同的攻门技术动作,其中8种为空中球攻门技术动作,占全部攻门技术动作的67%,其余33%为地面球攻门技术动作。(4)候选进球中获得提名的攻门技术动作都具有重复性规律。结论:直接攻门、空中球攻门和全方位攻门是国际足普奖候选、获奖进球的三大突出特点。这些进球特点及重复性规律,使我们可以利用3D运动捕捉系统记录、建构多种攻门技术动作的生物力学模型,从而拓展攻门立体空间,全方位提升球员攻门技术和进球能力,扩大进球机会,取得精彩进球。

Goals are the ultimate purpose of the soccer game;consequently,here is merit in the objective examination of goal-scoring techniques and the factors lead to successful goals. In the current study,the 100 nominees(including the 10 award goals)of FIFA Puskás Award from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed,focusing on the geometrical location of the ball at the attack,goal-scoring techniques applied and the attempt position as well as the posture of an offense player. 52% of goals were achieved by applying sudden-attack with 0 possession(one touch shot),the other notable characteristic was airborne-attack goals(58%);The facing-the-goal and side-facing-the-goal attack-postures were entitled for 89% successful goals,the instant ball position of 54%(over half)was between the player and the goal(between-ball),the other 29% was on the side of the attacker(side-ball),unusual ball positions such as beyond the player and the goal(beyond-ball)consisted of 17% only;The 100 goals were achieved by 12 scoring techniques,8 of them were airborne-attack techniques(67%),the rest 33% were ground-attack techniques;and all the scoring techniques were repeatable. In finally,sudden-attack,airborne-attack and all-facing-direction attack(i.e. attacks not only facing but also side-& back-facing goal)are three characteristics of FIFA Puskás nominees. The attack postures,the attack space and the attack techniques consists of repeatable elements,which could be revealed by 3 D motion analysis and biomechanical modeling.Therefore scientific coaching methods could be established for training practice. This study implies that an offense player should master various scoring techniques in order to minimize the influence of the geometrical location of the ball and position/posture of attempts on scoring,turning an impossible goals to successful ones.