Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸预防1型糖尿病发病风险的研究进展

Research Progress in Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevention on Risk of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

1型糖尿病(T1DM)是一种由于遗传易患性和环境因素共同作用,导致胰岛β细胞发生自身免疫破坏,进而导致胰岛素分泌绝对缺乏,且以高血糖为特征的自身免疫性疾病。基础研究结果显示,在T1DM发生和发展过程中,某些亚组T淋巴细胞通过免疫介导参与和执行了对胰岛β细胞的自身免疫性攻击,进而导致其功能衰竭,是T1DM的主要发病机制。而Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸具有抗炎和免疫调节作用,可以逆转导致T1DM的胰岛β细胞的自身免疫,补充Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸可能为预防和逆转T1DM胰岛自身免疫提供一种新的方法。

Type 1 diabetes mellitus( T1 DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by hyperglycemia and absolute lack of insulin secretion due to the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet β cells caused by genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. The basic research results show that in the onset and development of T1 DM,some subgroups of T lymphocytes participate in the autoimmune attack on pancreatic islet β cells through immune mediations,leading to its functional failure,which is the main pathogenesis of T1 DM. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have anti-inflammatory and immunomulatory effects,which can reverse the autoimmunity of islet β cells leading to T1 DM,and supplementation of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may provide a new method to prevent and reverse the autoimmunity of islet in T1 DM.