伽达默尔“ 效果史” 意识的互文性阐释

Intertextual Interpretation of Gadamer s Consciousness of“Effect History”

伽达默尔的“效果史”意识是一个充满矛盾的概念,同时也是理解阐释学独特内涵的一把钥匙。真正的阐释学思想不可能对自身的历史性视而不见。只有在理解的范围之内显示出“历史效果性”时,它才会成为“适宜的阐释学”,即伽达默尔所谓的“效果史”。事实上,阐释学自身的历史,就是一部有关“理解”和“解释”的“效果史”。从广义阐释学的意义上说,即便“拒绝阐释”也是一种极为常见的阐释,例如桑塔格的《反对阐释》无一字绝对缘于阐释,从阐释学批评的意义上说,她的“反对阐释”更像是一种“强势阐释”。伽达默尔《真理与方法》中的“效果史”意识是一种倡导开放性和包容性的阐释学观念。质言之,那就是任何阐释都是某种互文性的理解与阐发,都是某种基于“效果史”的“再创造”。

Gadamer s“effect history”consciousness is a concept full of contradictions,and also a key to understanding the unique connotation of hermeneutics.The true hermeneutical thought cannot ignore its own historicity.Only when“historical effectivity”is shown within the scope of understanding will it become“appropriate hermeneutics”,which Gadamer calls“history of effect”.In fact,the history of hermeneutics itself is a“history of effect”about“understanding”and“interpretation”.In the sense of broad hermeneutics,even“refusal to interpret”is a very common“interpretation”.For example,Sontag s“opposition to interpret”has nothing to do with interpretation.In the sense of hermeneutic criticism,her“opposition interpretation”is more like a“strong interpretation”.Therefore,the“history of effect”consciousness in Gadamer s“Truth and Method”is a hermeneutic concept that advocates openness and tolerance.To be more specific,that is,any“interpretation”is a kind of intertextual understanding and interpretation,and it is all a kind of“re-creation”based on“history of effect”.