黄淮海流域农户小麦生产化肥节约潜力分析

Analysis of Fertilizer Saving Potential in Wheat Production in Huang-Huai-Hai Basin

目前我国农业生产中存在着资源过度使用的情况,黄淮海流域是我国重要的粮食基地,也是水资源相对匮乏的地区,研究该地区农户小麦生产中实际水资源、肥料的使用量具有重要的现实意义。基于对黄淮海流域的河北、山东、河南、安徽、江苏5省农户小麦生产的实际调研,发放有效调查问卷共计1407份,调研内容主要涉及小麦生产过程中的化肥用量。通过对数据汇总与分析,得到以下结论:粮食流通与销售市场中普遍存在小麦优质不优价的问题,优质小麦并没有因为品质优良而获得更高的市场价值,缺乏市场竞争力;黄淮海小麦生产者在生产过程中均存在不同程度的过量施用化肥问题,具有节肥潜力。提出在保证粮食安全的前提下推广节肥技术、提高肥料利用率,研发肥料新产品,以实现2020年化肥零增长的目标。

At present,China is excessive using resources in agricultural production.Huang-Huai-Hai Basin is the important grain base in China,and it is relative lack of water resource.It has great practical significance to study the actual use of water resource and fertilizer in wheat production in this area.Based on the investigation of farmers’wheat production in Hebei,Shandong,Henan,Anhui and Jiangsu in Huang-Huai-Hai Basin,a total of 1407 questionnaires were issued,which mainly involved in the fertilizer amount in wheat production.The following conclusions were obtained:high quality but low price were common in wheat production;In the process of wheat production,farmers used excessive fertilizer,which has a certain saving potential.In the premise of ensuring food safety,the saving fertilizer technology should be popularized,the fertilizer utilization rate should be improved,and the new fertilizers should be developed in order to realize the zero growth of fertilizer.