某军用大型运输机部队飞行员营养调查与分析

Nutritional levels of pilots oflarge transport aircraft

目的了解军用大型运输机飞行员营养状况。方法以33名军用大型运输机飞行员为对象进行营养调查。结果体脂率超标者占总被调查人数的54.5%,体质量指数(BMI)超重与肥胖者合计占60.6%,高胆固醇血症和胆固醇边缘性增高者合计占48.5%,高三酰甘油血症和三酰甘油边缘性增高者合计占39.4%。钠、植物油、食盐摄入超标。脂肪、蛋白质供能比超标,碳水化合物供能比不足。摄入不足的维生素和矿物质达标率依次为维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素A和钙。摄入不足的食物依达标率依次为食用菌、禽肉、牛奶、鱼虾类、大豆类、粮食和蔬菜。平均每人每日能量摄入符合军标规定。结论军用大型运输机飞行员超重、体脂率超标、血脂异常等问题突出,其膳食具有能量充足、结构失衡、油盐过剩、部分营养素摄入不足等特点。

Objective To find out more about the nutritional status of military transport aircraft pilots. Methods The nutritional status of 33 military transport aircraft pilots was investigated. Results Respondents with a higher-thanstandard body fat percentage accounted for 54.5% of the total, compared with 60.6% for respondents with an excessive body mass index(BMI)or obesity, 48.5% for respondents with hypercholesterolemia and borderline-high cholesterol,and 39.4% for respondents with hypertriglyceridemia and borderline-high triglyceride. The intake of sodium, vegetable oil and salt generally exceeded the allowable standard. The protein-energy and fat-energy ratios were far above the standard, while that of carbohydrate-energy was inadequate. Among vitamins and minerals, the intake of vitamin B1 was the most inadequate, followed by vitamin B2, vitamin A and calcium. The most inadequate food intake was with edible fungi, followed by poultry meat, milk, fish and shrimp, soybean, grain and vegetables The daily per capita energy intake was found to have met the military standard. Conclusion Pilots oflarge military transport aircraft suffer from overweight, higher-thanstandard body fat percentage, and dyslipidemia. Moreover,their diet is characterized by energy sufficiency, imbalance, excessive intake of oil and salt and inadequate intake of some nutrients.