中国地方鹅品种体量、繁殖性能与生态特征的主成分分析

Principal Component Analysis of Body Size,Reproductive Traits and Ecological Characteristics on Chinese Indigenous Goose Breeds

【目的】探讨中国地方鹅品种体量、繁殖性能与其主产地生态特征的关系。【方法】收集整理我国30个地方鹅品种的体尺、体重、产蛋性能及主产区生态特征资料并进行主成分分析与聚类分析。【结果】主成分分析提取了4个特征值作为4个主成分,反映了原变量80.504%的信息。第一主成分反映了纬度、无霜期、年平均气温与鹅初生重、年平均产蛋数等变异信息;第二主成分综合了半潜水长、盆骨宽、龙骨长与年平均降水等方面的变异信息;第三主成分反映了体斜长、胸宽、成年体重与平均蛋重的信息;第四主成分主要综合了海拔、年日照时间与胸深的变异信息。根据各品种的前4个主成分值计算相似系数,并以此聚类,最后综合考虑将中国30个地方鹅品种划分为4类。第一类为狮头鹅等南方耐高温中大型鹅品种;第二类为豁眼鹅等小型北方抗寒鹅品种;第三类为阳江鹅等长江以南流域,地处亚热带季风气候的鹅品种;第四类为右江鹅等适应温带气候中小型鹅品种。【结论】生态特征是鹅品种体量、繁殖性能特征形成不可或缺的因子,研究结果为开展地方鹅遗传资源就地(原地)保护和利用提供理论基础。

【Objective】This study was conducted to reveal the relationships among body size,reproductive traits and ecological characteristics on Chinese indigenous goose breeds.【Method】The date of four characteristics(i.e.body size,body weight,reproductive traits and ecological characteristics)from 30 Chinese indigenous goose breeds were collected as the principal components and analyzed by PCA method and cluster analysis.【Result】The results showed that 80.504% of the original variables information was reflected by the 4 principal components.The first principal component reflected the latitude,frostfree period,annual average temperature,the birth weight and annual egg production.The second component integrated the information of semi-submersible length,pelvic width,keel length and annual mean precipitation.The third component reflected the body length,chest width,adult weight and average egg weight.The fourth reflected the variations of altitude,annual sunshine duration and chest depth.Then the 30 Chinese indigenous goose breeds were divided into 4 categories according to the PCA and cluster analysis.The first category is the large goose species naturally adapted to the hot in southern China such as Lion-headed goose.The second category is the small goose species which resist the cold in northern China such as Huoyan goose.The third category is the ones lived in the subtropical monsoon climate at south of the Yangtze river.The fourth is small and medium-sized goose species adapted to temperate climate such as Youjiang goose.【Conclusion】The ecological characteristics were indispensable for the formation of goose growth characteristics,such as body size and reproductive performance.This study provides the theoretical foundation for the protection and utilization of genetic resources of Chinese indigenous goose breeds.