中国城镇住房不平等及其分化机制

Housing Inequality in Urban China and the Change of Its Stratification Mechanism

中国的住房资源分配经历了计划性的福利分配向全面性的市场分配的转型,这一过程导致了住房分层机制的变化以及住房资产差距的拉大,引发“市场转型论”“权力维续论”与“权力衍生论”的理论争议。基于2017年中国社会状况调查数据,对当前城镇住房不平等状况及分化机制进行了深入考查。研究发现,随着市场化推进,经济资本、人力资本和职业阶层地位等市场分化机制逐步取代再分配机制,成为导致住房不平等的主要动力,再分配体制下导致住房不平等的主要机制——行政权力的作用日益弱化,但源自再分配体制的社会结构因素(户口身份和城市层级)还在持续发挥作用,“结构维续论”和“结构衍生论”将为当代中国城镇住房分层提供新的解释视角。

Housing Inequality is an important embodiment of wealth Inequality.The distribution of housing resources in China has experienced the transformation from welfare allocation to market distribution,which has caused the change of housing stratification mechanism.This has led to theoretical debates on"market transition","power persistence"and"power derivation".Based on a national survey of 2017,this paper examines housing inequality in China′s urban areas,and probes the dynamics of housing stratification.The results show that,with the development of housing marketization,market mechanisms such as economic capital,human capital and class status have replaced the redistribution mechanism such as administrative power and public sector,and become the major dynamics of housing inequality.However,some institution factors originated from the planned economy period,such as Hukou system and city-administrative-hierarchy,have remained a strong effect on housing inequality.Persisting institution effect may provide a new perspective to explore housing inequality in the contemporary urban areas in China.