离子液体在纳米材料合成中的应用

Application of ionic liquids in the synthesis of nanomaterials

室温离子液体(ionic liquids,ILs)作为一种新型的绿色环保溶剂,由于其特殊的功能化结构及热稳定性好、挥发度低和溶解能力强等特点,目前被广泛应用于纳米材料的制备领域。本文重点介绍了离子液体在纳米材料制备中的应用及相关研究的最新进展,结合一些示例对本领域进行了概述,其中包括离子液体作为溶剂,例如作为反应介质和稳定剂;模板剂,例如利用离子液体的微结构(胶束和囊泡、液晶凝胶、乳液和微乳液)作为纳米材料合成中的模板和软模板;反应物,例如作为反应中的还原剂和反应组分;以及离子液体微乳液在纳米材料制备中的特殊用法进行了总结,并讨论了离子液体在快速发展的纳米材料制备领域中的存在挑战和机遇。

Room temperature ionic liquids(ILs)as a new type of green solvent have garnered sustained research interest in the synthesis of nanomaterials as their unique structures offer many distinct advantages,such as good thermal stability,negligible vapor pressures and strong solubility,etc.In this paper,combining some typical examples,the recent developments in using ILs for the preparation of nanomaterials as well as their related applications were reviewed.Typically,ILs serving as solvents,e.g.reaction media and surfactant,as template agents,e.g.micelles,vesicles,and liquid crystal gels,and as reactants,e.g.reductants and reaction components in a reaction,as well as their special applications as microemulsions in the preparation of nanomaterials were summarized.Finally,some perspectives in applying ILs for future development of nanomaterial synthesis were discussed.