热区农村人居环境整治影响因素及其长效机制建构

Influencing Factors and Long-term Mechanism Construction of Rural Living Environments in Tropical Area of China

改善农村生产生活环境可以提高农民获得感与幸福感。当前农村人居环境改善重点内容在于农村垃圾与生活污水处理、厕所改造等方面。通过对我国热带地区农村的实地调查发现,农村人居环境整治政策知晓度较高,大多数村庄已从环境卫生清理和厕所改造等方面开展了整治工作。研究表明,政府职能部门之间关系、乡村组织与干部态度、人居环境整治技术条件、村民生活习惯等影响了当下农村人居环境整治工作有效推进。需从人居环境整治主体层面着手,建立责任制度、治理制度、激励制度;从人居环境整治工作方法层面着手,规划先行、先易后难、分类施策;从人居环境整治保障制度建设层面着手,加强投入与监督制度建设,构建农村人居环境整治的长效机制。

Improving rural production and living environments can improve farmers’ sense of gain and happiness. At present, the focus of rural living environment improvement lies in the treatment of rural garbage and domestic sewage, toilet renovation, etc. Through the survey of rural areas in tropical area of China, farmers have a higher awareness of the policies on improvement of rural living environments, and many villages have carried out improvement activities in environmental sanitation and toilet renovation.The relationship between the functional departments of the government, the attitude of the rural organizations and cadres, the technical conditions for the improvement of the living conditions, and the living habits of villagers have affected the effective improvement of the living environment in rural areas.A long-term mechanism of rural living environment renovation needs to be established based on construction of responsibility system, management system, and incentive system, making of a good plan from simple to complicate and by category, and strengthening of input and establishment of supervision and monitoring systems.