黄河源区生态保护与草牧业发展关键技术及优化模式

Key technologies and optimization model for ecological protection and grass-based livestock husbandry in the source region of the Yellow River

黄河源区是中国重要的生态屏障区和草牧业生产区,在维护国家生态安全和改善当地民生等方面发挥着重要作用。由于气候变化和人类活动综合影响,20世纪70年代以来黄河源区草地生态系统发生严重退化,对源区草牧业生产、区域生态安全和中下游地区可持续发展造成一定影响。2000年以来,国家实施了一系列重大生态保护和建设工程,黄河源区生态环境质量得到逐步改善,但草地退化趋势尚未得到有效遏制。本文系统梳理了高寒地区草地生态保护与草牧业发展领域的研究与实践,凝练出区域适宜的黄河源区草地生态保护与生态草牧业发展技术体系,基于草畜资源优化配置建立了区域功能耦合发展模式,结合案例分析了相关技术的应用效果,并对源区退化草地管理与生态草牧业发展提出了建议。上述工作对推动黄河源区草地生态保护与高质量发展具有一定的启示作用。

The source region of the Yellow River is an important ecological barrier and grass-based livestock husbandry area in China. It plays a significant role in ensuring the national ecological security and improving local pastoralists’ livelihood. Since the 1970s, alpine grasslands in this region have been degraded to varying degrees under the combined influences of climate change and human activity, which has posed certain threat for local grass-based livestock husbandry,regional ecological security, and the sustainable development of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin. Since 2000 the state has implemented a series of ecological protection and construction projects to curb alpine grassland degradation in the source region of the Yellow River.As expected the grassland ecological environment in this area has been gradually improved since project implementation, but the grassland degradation trend has not been effectively curbed. In order to promote the ecological protection and economic development in the source region of the Yellow River, we systematically reviewed the research, demonstration and application works in relevant fields, and summarized a regional suitable technology system for grassland ecological protection and grass-based livestock husbandry development, then established a regional coupling development model based on the optimal allocation of grass-livestock resource. Additionally, we analyzed the application effects of related conservation and development technologies based on our case studies, also we proposed suggestions for the management of degraded alpine grassland and the development of ecological grass-based livestock husbandry in this region. The paper offers a certain enlightenment to promote the grassland ecological protection and high-quality development in the source area of the Yellow River.