历史社会学的构成性难题:由来、演化与趋势

Constructive Paradox of Historical Sociology:Origin,Evolution,and Trend

历史社会学可以从狭义上理解为一种反潮流的学术运动,是社会学学科领域的一部分“异见者”借用历史学的知识资源,抵制社会学“退回当下”的主流趋势。然而,历史研究存在史料的历史性、认知的非历史性与假设的反历史性三种特性,社会学在转向历史的过程中面临这三种特性的悖谬式结合,成为历史社会学的构成性难题。本文围绕历史社会学构成性难题的由来、演化与当前趋势,主要勾勒美国历史社会学作为反主流的运动过程,从1930年代因抵制“芝加哥学派”而产生,到六七十年代反结构功能主义社会学,至今成为反实证社会科学的重要力量。历史性、非历史性与反历史性的构成性难题使历史社会学充满争论且不断碎片化,也使之不断扩展主题与更新方法,是推动西方社会科学发展的内在动力。

Historical sociology can be considered as being developed by a minority of sociologists absorbing the academic resource from history in order to challenge the mainstream sociology which suggests returning to the present.However,history has been characterized by historicity,non-historicity and anti-historicity,the combination of which leads to the constructive paradox of historical sociology.Historical sociology,arising from American sociology in 1930s,has different ambitions against contemporary mainstream scholarship until now while the constructive paradox,as a dynamic,has been controversially pushing it forward.