中国居民工作日与节假日的城际出行网络异同性研究

Comparison of inter-city travel network during weekdays and holiday in China

居民出行目的、出行时间与地域属性的差异都会导致出行行为的异质性,工作日与节假日具有完全不同的时间属性,且出行目的差异较大,对两时段城际出行网络进行比较有助于全面认识城际出行规律及其网络特征。以4月份工作日(2016年4月11日-4月15日)和国庆黄金周(2016年10月1日-10月7日)为代表,利用"腾讯迁徙"提供的居民城际出行数据,从城市节点、城际关联及网络集聚角度对工作日与节假日的居民城际出行网络结构特征进行对比研究。结果发现:①黄金周的日均城际居民出行规模显著高于工作日,但出行距离和网络集聚程度明显低于后者;②两种网络均形成了跨区域组团、邻近组团和省域组团3种类型。黄金周跨区域组团数量明显低于工作日,区域和地方枢纽城市数量多于工作日,邻近组团和省域组团数量则明显高于工作日;③工作日,北上广三大城市核心地位突出,旅游功能、交通枢纽功能城市的地位在黄金周更得以凸显;④工作日城际出行网络以跨区域联系为主,而黄金周则呈现出明显的空间邻近效应,并形成了以省会为中心、省内出行为主的核心-外围模式。

The differences of residents’ travel purpose, travel time and regional attribute will lead to the heterogeneity of travel behavior. Working days and holidays have completely different time attributes, and the travel purpose is quite different. Therefore, comparing them has become an important way to reveal the inter-city travel network from different perspectives. Using migration data inferred from passenger travels during working days in April(11-15 April, 2016) and National Day golden week(1-7 October, 2016) from Tencent Location Big Data, this paper made a comparison of the spatial structure of inter-city travel network during weekdays and holiday in China. The results are as follows:(1) The average daily inter-city residents’ travel scale during the golden week was significantly higher than that during the weekdays, but the travel distance and network clustering degree were significantly lower than the latter.(2) The two networks form three types of cross-regional group, adjacent group and provincial group. During the golden week, the number of cross-regional groups is significantly lower compared with weekdays, the number of regional and local hub cities is more than that of weekdays, and the number of adjacent groups and provincial groups is significantly higher than that of weekdays.(3) On weekdays, the three major cities of Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou have a prominent core position, and the function of tourism and transportation hub is highlighted in the golden week.(4) Weekday intercity network to crossregional links, and the golden week is showing a clear spatial proximity effect, and formed a provincial capital as the center, the provincial travel core-peripheral mode. The structure and difference of inter-city travel network in the two periods are influenced by many factors,including geographical proximity, administrative division(proximity of cultural system), travel distance and travel purpose.