西方体育全球化背景下中国武术的现代危机与传统再造

Modern crisis and traditional reconstruction of China's Wushu under the background of western sports globalization

因包含着同一性和异质性的两个面向,西方体育的全球化对中国武术而言既是挑战又是机遇,中国武术需要在对自身的检视中确立传统再造的基本思路。中国武术现代危机成因有三:其一,作为“传统”的中国武术遭遇“有机团结”的现代社会必然不适;其二,武术非游戏的特质以及突出的底层性决定了它的“非现代性”;其三,民族主义的文化保守及机械附庸西方的标准化使其陷入两个极端。为此,正视武术不可化约为外来体育的独特性,继而在武术文化认同的形塑中,正确处理武术发展社会模式构成多元角色的关系,同时在新型城乡关系中厚植武术文化生态根基,是中国武术传统再造的可行思路。

Because of the two aspects of identity and heterogeneity,the globalization of western sports is both a challenge and an opportunity for Chinese Wushu.Chinese Wushu needs to establish the basic idea of traditional reengineering in its own inspection.There are three causes for the modern crisis of Chinese Wushu:firstly,it is inevitably uncomfortable for"traditional"Chinese Wushu to encounter with the modern society"organic unity";secondly,the characteristics of Wushu as a non-game and its outstanding grassroots nature determine its"non-modernity";thirdly,the cultural conservatism of nationalism and the standardization of mechanical appendages to the west makes it fall into two extremes.Therefore,facing up to the uniqueness of Wushu as a foreign sport,we should correctly deal with the relationship between the social model of Wushu development and the multiple roles in the shaping of Wushu cultural identity.At the same time,planting the ecological foundation of Wushu culture in the new urban-rural relationship is a feasible way to rebuild Chinese Wushu tradition.