定向越野识图过程与主要技术研究

Process and main techniques of orienteering map recognition

为克服定向越野识图过程隐性化对教学、训练实践的局限,利用录像观察、面质访谈方法收集定向越野识图过程资料,利用扎根理论对访谈文本进行三级编码,使隐性识图过程与主要技术显性化,促进定向越野专项技术系统化与科学化。研究表明,定向越野识图过程分思维入图、路线规划、路线执行3个环节;包含自我参照、自我定位、路线选择、路线简化、按图行进、路线纠错6项主要技术。研究认为,定向越野具有信息先导性,平衡速度是导航过程中的最大跑速,是影响成绩的主要矛盾;识图6项技术分别从规避心理旋转、精减参照信息、提高注意利用率3个角度合理配置注意资源,以维持平衡速度。

To overcome the limitations of the hidden orientation of orienteering map recognition process to the teaching and training practices,video observation and face-to-face interview methods are used to collect the data of the oriented map recognition process.The grounded theory is used to encode the interview text at three levels to make map recognition process and the main technology explicit and promote the systematization and scientific of the orienteering technology.The research shows that the process of map recognition is divided into three steps:mental mapping,route planning,and route execution;including six main techniques:self-referencing,self-positioning,route selection,route simplification,traveling according to the map,and route correction.The research believes that orienteering is information-leading,and the balance speed is the maximum running speed in the navigation process,which is the main contradiction that affects the performance.In order to maintain the equilibrium speed,the six techniques of map recognition reasonably allocate attention resources from three angles:avoiding mental rotation,reducing reference information,and improving attention utilization.