近代英国乡绅子弟教育与阶层变迁

The education of gentry sons and the social changes in modern England

近代英国各社会等级与社会阶层接受教育的方式与内容存在较大差异。乡绅是英国历史上、社会结构中重要且独特的社会阶层。良好的教育是区别乡绅与之下阶层的重要标识,也是乡绅谋求、维持社会地位的重要方式,以及乡绅子弟从事主要职业所需的资格与经历。乡绅阶层的社会变迁中,乡绅子弟的教育大致经历了三个发展阶段:乡绅形成阶段——骑士教育向知识教育的过渡;乡绅兴起阶段——普遍接受绅士教育并与社会中下层教育相分离;乡绅衰落阶段——积极融入重塑的精英教育。

There were great differences in the way and content of the education among the social classes in modern England.The gentry was an important and unique social class in the England history.Good education was an important way for gentry to seek and maintain the social status and it was also the qualification and experience of gentry sons to engage in major professions.In the social change,the education of gentry sons generally had gone through three development stages.In the stage of the formation of gentry,the education of gentry transitioned from knight education to knowledge education.With the rise of gentry,the gentry accepted the thoughts of gentleman education gradually and the education of gentry was separated from other classes below them.The gentry began to decline in the late nineteenth century,many gentry sons went to the famous public schools and integrated into the new elite education.