面向材料特性的QP钢部件综合性能分析与优化设计

Analysis and optimization design of QP steel components for comprehensive performance of material properties

将正交试验设计方法与冲压、零部件碰撞及刚强度数值模拟相结合,综合评估了QP钢材料的屈服强度Rp0.2、弹性模量E、抗拉强度Rm和剪切模量G对汽车结构件性能的影响,并确定最优影响因素组合。以汽车前纵梁为例,建立了汽车前纵梁冲压和碰撞的计算机辅助工程模型,分别运用正交试验方法及灰色关联分析方法进行仿真计算方案的设计,通过正交试验分析获得了以上因素对结构件性能的影响程度由大到小依次为G、E、Rm、Rp0.2;通过正交试验和灰色关联度分析方法分别得到两组比较数据,即试验序号4的组合和试验对比组,相比试验序号4的组合,试验对比组的最大减薄率增大了8.91%,碰撞单位质量吸能增大了2.83%,峰值碰撞应力增大了2.13%,结构吸能效果略有提升,但是开裂风险提高了8.91%,同时,结构刚强度分析最大变形量不受影响,证明最优参数组合为Rp0.2=650 GPa,Rm=1100 GPa,E=216 GPa和G=85 GPa。

The orthogonal experimental design method was combined with stamping,parts collision and numerical simulation of rigidity and strength,the effects of yield strength Rp0.2,elastic modulus E,tensile strength Rm and shear modulus G of QP steel on the performance of automotive structural parts were comprehensively evaluated,and the optimal combination of influencing factors was determined.Taking the front longitudinal beam of automobile as the example,a computer aided engineering(CAE)model for stamping and crash of the front longitudinal beam of automobile was established.Orthogonal test method and grey correlation analysis method were used to design the simulation calculation scheme.Through the analysis of orthogonal test,the influences of the above elements on the performances of structural components are G,E,Rm and Rp0.2 in order.Through orthogonal test and grey correlation analysis method,two groups of comparative data were obtained,including the combinations of test serial number four and test contrast group.Compared with combination of test serial number four,the maximum thinning rate of test contrast group increases by 8.91%,the energy absorption per mass of impact increases by 2.83%,the peak stress of crash increases by 2.13%,and the energy absorption effect of structure increases slightly,but the cracking risk increases by 8.91%.Meanwhile,the maximum deformation of rigid strength analysis is unaffected,which demonstrates that the optimal parameter combination is Rp0.2=650 GPa,Rm=1100 GPa,E=216 GPa and G=85 GPa.