先秦时期青藏高原的民族与文化

The Nationalities and Cultures of the Qinghai-tibet Plateau in the Pre-qin Period

青藏高原作为中华民族与文化的发祥地之一,具有非常久远的史前历史。从地下遗址遗物来考察,西藏昌都卡若遗址中谷物种子的发现、青海乐都柳湾彩陶的出土、青海西宁上孙家寨的环臂踏歌舞蹈彩盆以及青海海西诺木洪文化的发掘,则表明先秦时便有原始族群在青藏高原活动着;从传世文献记载我们也得知,先史时的青藏高原为古羌戎人的活动场所,殷、周时期,青藏高原为"羌戎之地",而齐家、卡约、辛店、诺木洪等文化,乃至马家窑文化,以时代和地域而论,亦应该是羌人文化的遗存,至少也当属"先羌"文化的范畴。当中原历经夏、商、周三代步入文明时代后,生活在青藏地区的古羌人也在新石器时代的基础上迈入青铜时代,并创造了独具地方特色的青藏高原民族文化。

As one of the cradles of the Chinese nation and culture,the qinghai-tibet plateau has a very long prehistoric history.The discovery of grain seeds in the karuo site in changdu,Tibet,the unearthing of colored pottery in Liuwan,ledu,qinghai,the colorful basin of ring-arm tramping and dancing in shangsunjia village in xining,qinghai,and the excavation of nuomu hong culture in haixi,qinghai,indicate that primitive people were active in the qinghai-tibet plateau during the pre-qin period.We also learned from the literature handed down from ancient times,when the first history of the Tibetan plateau as the ancient Qiang Rong activity places,Yin and zhou period,the qinghai-tibet plateau for "qiang rong place",and Qijia culture,Kayue culture,Xindian culture,Nuomu hong culture,and even Majia yao culture,with time and region,also should be qiang culture remains,at least when belong to the category of "qiang" culture.After the three dynasties of xia,shang and zhou entered the civilization age,the qiang people living in the qinghai-tibet area also entered the Bronze Age on the basis of the neolithic age,and created the Tibetan plateau national culture with unique local characteristics.