日本非正规劳动者的扩大对企业内劳动者待遇水平的影响

The Impact of the Expansion of Informal Workers in Japan on the Wages and Welfare of Workers in Enterprises

近年来,在讨论日本社会收入差距不断扩大等问题时,非正规劳动者等低收入群体的增加正成为难以回避的问题之一。但是,到目前为止大多数研究仅注意到非正规劳动者与正规劳动者两种雇佣形态之间的收入差距,对非正规劳动者的增加对组织内劳动者整体待遇带来的影响关注不足。使用日本劳动政策研究研修机构的《关于多样化就业形态的实态调查》数据,利用多层次线性回归模型就非正规劳动者的增加给同企业中全体劳动者的收入与企业福利状况带来的影响进行分析,研究发现,非正规劳动者的增加会降低企业中全体员工的工资收入水平,并减少员工可享受的企业福利种类。日本政府在推行工作方式改革时,其目标之一是消除正规劳动者与非正规劳动者之间的待遇不公平,但是也需要关注该改革的效果,是否是在整体收入水平都下降的基础上实现的待遇公平。

In recent years, when discussing the increasing social income gap in Japan, the increase in low-income groups such as informal workers is becoming an unavoidable problem. However, most of the studies so far have only noticed the income gap between the informal workers and regular workers, and insufficient attention has been paid to the impact of the increase in informal workers on the overall wages and benefits of workers within the organization. This article uses data from the "Real Survey on Diversified Employment Patterns" conducted by the Japan Labor Policy Research and Training Institute, and uses a multi-level linear regression model to study the impacts of informal worker number increase on the income of all workers in the same company and the state of corporate welfare. The study finds that the increase in informal workers will reduce the wages and welfare levels of all employees in the enterprise. One of the goals of the Japanese government in reforming its working methods is to eliminate the unfair treatment between regular and informal workers. But it also needs to pay attention to the effect of the reform, whether the fair treatment coms from the decline in overall workers wages and welfare levels.