村民自治重心下移的结构与困境

The Structure and Dilemma of Shifting the Focus of Villager Autonomy

不同于既有的条件形式说、历史制度说,结构同样是影响乡村治理的重要变量。从结构性视角出发,以湖北省秭归县为研究对象发现,影响村民自治重心下移的结构性要素可归纳为单元结构、利益结构、权力结构和规则结构等四类。其中,单元结构是自治重心需要下移的基础,利益结构是自治重心能够下移的核心,权力结构是重心下移后自治有效运转的关键,规则结构则是重心下移后自治正常运转的保障。但重心下移后的村民自治依然面临着新的结构性困境与挑战,如动力机制缺失、人才接续不足与再度被行政化。基于此,各地应在乡村振兴背景下进一步创新体制机制,有针对性地破解上述难题。

The structure is an important variable that affects the rural governance. From the structural perspective,we take Zigui County of Hubei Province as the research object,and find that the structural elements that affect the downward shift of the focus of villager autonomy can be classified into four categories: unit structure,interest structure,power structure and rule structure,of which,the unit structure is the basis,the interest structure is the core,the power structure is the key to the effective operation of villager autonomy after focus shift and the rule structure is the guarantee. However,villager autonomy after focus shift is still facing such structural difficulties and challenges as the lack of dynamic mechanism,the inadequacy of talents and the re-administration. Therefore,all regions should further innovate the systems and mechanisms in the context of rural vitalization,and solve these problems accordingly.