新疆全区健康体检0~6岁儿童贫血检出及生长发育现状分析

Analysis of the detection of anemia and growth development in children aged 0 to 6 years in Xinjiang Regional Health Checkup

目的分析新疆2016-2017年全区免费体检0~6岁儿童贫血及体格发育状况,了解新疆各地区0~6岁儿童贫血程度及发育不良状况,为0~6岁儿童营养健康保健与干预提供参考依据。方法以2016-2017年参与全区免费体检0~6岁儿童为研究对象,描述贫血检出情况及体格发育评价。采用χ2 检验比较不同年份、地区、贫血程度以及体格发育评价,多组率两两比较用Bonferroni方法调整检验水准。结果 2016、2017年儿童贫血检出率分别为28.46%和23.21%。全区1~24月龄儿童身高、体重尚可达到WHO标准,但2~6岁儿童身高、体重均低于WHO标准。不同地区、年份3~6岁儿童体格发育评价比较结果显示:新疆3~6岁儿童体格发育状况已达到我国平均水平,但新疆各地区间存在差异(P<0.01),东疆超重检出率(0.25%)高于南疆(0.05%)、北疆(0.10%),而南疆低体重(0.17%)、生长迟缓(0.19%)检出率高于东疆(0.08%,0.12%)、北疆(0.08%,0.07%)(P<0.05)。结论新疆0~6岁儿童体格发育情况良好,营养不良指标处于国内平均水平,其最值得关注的儿童营养问题是贫血控制,应制定适合于当地的个性化健康管理方案与政策,促进儿童保健工作。

Objective To analyze the anemia and physical development of children aged 0 to 6 years in Xinjiang from 2016 to 2017, and to understand the anemia and dysplasia of children aged 0 to 6 years in various regions of Xinjiang, in order to provide reference for nutritional health care and intervention of children under 6 years old. Methods Children aged 0 to 6 years who participated in the free regional medical examination from 2016 to 2017 were selected as the research objects. The detection of anemia and physical development evaluation were described. Chi-square test was used to compare the anemia degree and physical development among different years and different regions. Bonferroni method was used to adjust the test level in comparison of multiple groups. Results The detection rates of children′s anemia in 2016 and 2017 were 28.46% and 23.21%, respectively. The height and weight of children aged 1 to 24 months in the region could meet the WHO standards, but the height and weight of children at the age of 2 to 6 years old were lower than the WHO standards. The physical development status of children aged 3 to 6 years in Xinjiang has reached the average level in China, but there were differences between Xinjiang regions(P<0.01). In detail, the overweight detection rate in eastern Xinjiang(0.25%) was significantly higher than that in southern Xinjiang(0.05%) and northern Xinjiang(0.10%)(P<0.05). While the detection rates of low body weight(0.17%) and growth retardation(0.19%) in southern Xinjiang were significantly higher than those in eastern Xinjiang(0.08%, 0.12%) and northern Xinjiang(0.08%, 0.07%)(P<0.05). Conclusion Children aged 0 to 6 years in Xinjiang are in good physical development, and the malnutrition index is at the domestic average level. The most important issue for children′s nutrition is the control of anemia, and it is supposed to develop localized personalized health management programs and policies to promote child health.