浅析我国油气试采制度

Analysis of China’s oil and gas trail production system

目前我国油气勘查开采管理基本思路是实行探矿权、采矿权两分法,在探矿权转为采矿权的过渡阶段,设置了油气试采制度。近年来,在油气矿业权审批过程中发现,我国油气试采制度已无法满足油气试采的实际需求,从而给管理工作带来诸多问题。本文基于相关法律法规的规定和实际审批情况,在阐述试采概念及法律地位的基础上,系统梳理油气试采制度的由来及发展过程,总结了目前油气试采制度存在的问题。基于上述问题,在"两证管理制度"下提出了相应的解决措施:取消油气试采制度,以发放短期开采许可证的方式解决勘查开采衔接问题;制定相应配套措施的前提下,严格监督短期开采证到期后正式转采手续的办理;明确办理短期油气开采许可证的必要性和申请标准;以短期开采许可证解决油气由探转采过渡阶段的合理性及合法性;明确矿业权人在持有油气短期开采许可证期间的义务。这有利于解决油气勘探开发一体化与探采两分法之间的冲突,促进我国油气勘查开采有序衔接。

At present,the certifications of both exploration and mining rights are implemented in China.In the transition period from exploration rights to mining rights,oil and gas trial production system is set up.In recent years,during the process of the examination and approval of oil and gas mining rights,it has been found that China’s oil and gas trial production system can no longer meet the actual demand of oil and gas trial production,and it brings many problems to the management.Based on the relevant laws and regulations and the actual situation of approval execution,this paper summarizes the concept and legal status of trial production,the existing problems of the trial production system are systematically analyzed by reviewing its origin and evolution,and puts forward some suggestions.To cancel the oil and gas trial production system,and solve the connection problem of exploration and exploitation by issuing short-term exploitation license;under the premise of formulating corresponding supporting measures,to strictly supervise the formal transfer of mining after the expiration of short-term mining license;to clarify the necessity and application criteria for short-term oil and gas exploitation licenses;to solve the rationality and legality of oil and gas transition from exploration to production with short-term production license;to define the obligations of the mining right holder during the holding of the short-term oil and gas exploitation license.It is beneficial to resolve the conflict between the integrated characteristics of oil and gas exploration and development and the two methods of exploration and production,and promote the orderly connection of oil and gas exploration and exploitation in China.