自然营法:一种由内而外的乡村朴素设计探索——以陈庄为例

NATURAL FORMATION:AN EXPLORATION ON INSIDE-OUT PLAIN VILLAGE DESIGN–TAKING CHENZHUANG VILLAGE AS AN EXAMPLE

我国的地貌地景种类丰富,数千年的历史产生了多元的地域文化。独特的自然地貌交织着悠长的历史演变,使得我国乡村的发展精彩纷呈,各类乡村设计和乡村营造活动层出不穷。目前,针对特色乡村,已建立起了相对完善的设计框架及技术方法;但是对于占乡村绝大多数的传统农业型乡村来说,它们的特色相对单一或者缺失,目前对其的营造和设计模式针对性不强,难以解决这些传统农业型乡村建设发展的现实问题。本研究遵循“道法自然,天人合一”的理念,基于自然营法的复合型设计方法,提出传统农业型乡村规划设计应该注重自然格局、自然微水系、自然街巷、自然农业、自然运营五个维度的演进叠加的规划设计方法,并将之运用于江南地区的自然村——陈庄的空间设计实践探索中,旨在为广大传统农业型乡村的空间营造与振兴提供新的思路与方法。

China has a rich variety of land forms.A history of thousands of years has produced diverse regional cultures.The unique natural landform is intertwined with a long historical evolution,which makes the development of our country’s rural areas brilliant.Various rural design and rural construction activities are endless.At present,relatively complete design frameworks and technical methods have been established for characteristic villages;but for traditional agricultural villages,which account for the vast majority of villages,their features are either lacked or similar to each other.Current construction and design models for traditional agricultural villages are weak in term of specific targeting and it is difficult to solve these practical problems of traditional agricultural rural construction and development.This research follows the concept of“natural law,natural harmony of man and nature”and is based on the composite design method of natural business law.It is proposed that the planning and design for traditional agricultural villages should focus on the five-dimensional evolutionary overlay design method of natural patterns which include natural micro-water systems,natural streets,natural agriculture and nature operation.It is applied to the exploration of the space design practice of Chenzhuang,a natural village in the Jiangnan region and aims to provide new ideas and methods for the space construction and revitalization of the vast traditional agricultural villages.