激光-等离子电弧复合焊接参数对焊缝形貌的影响

Influence of Laser-plasma Arc Composite Welding Parameters on Weld Morphology

激光-等离子电弧复合焊接技术是具有良好工业前景的新型焊接技术,相比于TIG电弧,等离子电弧更加稳定,钨极烧损小,能显著提高焊接效率。以10 mm厚度的304不锈钢为母材进行表面堆焊,研究了激光功率、离焦量、焊接电流、焊接速度和热源间距对熔深、熔宽的影响。结果表明,复合焊的熔深熔宽大于单独焊的熔深熔宽,随着激光功率的增加,熔深熔宽逐渐增加。焊接电流小于200 A时,熔深的变化大于熔宽的变化,电流大于200 A时,二者的变化速度接近一致。熔深对离焦量敏感,负离焦能得到更大的熔深。随着焊接速度增大,熔深熔宽逐渐变小,高速下的焊接过程更加稳定。随着热源间距的增大,复合焊熔深逐渐变小,熔宽呈减小趋势,熔深变化较大。激光后置的焊接方式要优于激光前置。

Laser-plasma arc hybrid welding is a new welding technology with good industrial prospects. Compared with TIG arc, plasma arc is more stable, burning loss of tungsten electrode is small, and welding efficiency can be significantly improved. Surface surfacing of 304 stainless steel with 10 mm thickness was carried out. The effects of laser power, defocus amount, welding current, welding speed and heat source spacing on penetration and melting width were investigated. The results show that the penetration and weld width of hybrid welding is larger than those of single welding, with the increase of laser power, the penetration and weld width increase gradually. When the welding current is smaller than 200 A, the change of penetration is larger than that of weld width. When the welding current is lager than 200 A, the change rates of the two are closed to be the same. The penetration depth is sensitive to the defocus, and the negative defocus can get a greater penetration. With the increase of welding speed, the penetration and melting width decreases gradually, and the welding process is more stable at high speed. With the increase of heat source spacing, the penetration of hybrid welding decrease gradually, the weld width presents decrease trend, the change of penetration is larger, and the rear laser welding mode is superior to the laser front.