三国西晋陵寝制度新论

On the Mausoleum Institution in the Three Kingdoms and Western Jin period

三国西晋时期的陵寝制度呈现出诸多新动向,这些新动向远非过往学界所理解的"衰落"这么简单。曹魏、西晋陵寝制度大致沿着同一方向向前发展,墓祭、谒陵之风大为衰落,陵园建制简化的局面逐渐确立;同时,曹魏、西晋也在地下埋葬方面各自确立独具特色的等级标识。南方的孙吴政权在较多继承汉代传统的基础上,于下游上坊、采石二陵墓区内形成了较为明晰的等级秩序,却在中游的鄂州、武汉二陵墓区遭到了一定程度上的"僭越"。总体上,曹魏、西晋所确立的新动向,虽然被"永嘉之乱"中断,但还是对后来北方政权有一定影响。孙吴陵寝制度,则受限于自身政治军事环境,对当时统治区内部和后来的南方政权影响力均较为有限。

The mausoleum system changed apparently from the Three Kingdoms Period to the Western Jin dynasty.The changes during this period should not be simply taken as"decline."In the Cao Wei Kingdom,the custom of sacrificial activities at tomb were not supported on the official level.As a result,the fashion of visiting mausoleum declined,and the mausoleum system also became simplified.At the same time,many new hierarchical symbols appeared in the mortuary context.In the Western Jin dynasty,the mausoleum system continually developed on the foundation of the previous tradition.Some new principles,which impacted the northern mausoleum system afterwards,were established in this period as well.The mausoleum system of Sun Wu Kingdom inherited some features from the Han dynasty.The government attempted to reform the hierarchical system.However,the reforms were interrupted and had little impact on mausoleums in the Sun Wu period and afterwards.