商周时期的青铜觚及相关问题研究

On the Bronze Gu in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties and the Related issues

青铜觚最早出现于二里岗文化时期,盛行于殷墟文化,西周早期逐渐衰退并消失。铜觚圈足上的十字形镂孔与铸造过程中采用的泥芯撑有关,金属芯撑技术的使用开始于二里岗文化时期,殷墟文化时期金属芯撑的使用逐渐规范化。圈足上的镂空纹饰是商周时期铜器装饰手法的一种,圈足下端的条状缺口可能是铸造过程中用来定位的,但不能排除是装饰或者铜器的拥有者因某种特殊的文化习俗或使用需求而让铸造工匠刻意为之的可能性。

The ritual bronze gu first appeared in the period of the Erligang culture,reached its peak in the time of the Yinxu culture,and gradually declined and disappeared in the early Western Zhou dynasty.The cross-shaped holes on the stand came into being due to the pelitic core supporting technology that was employed in the casting process.The use of metal core supporting technology first appeared in the period of the Erligang culture,and was gradually standardized in the Yinxu culture.The hollow patterns on the stand were common decorations in the Shang and Western Zhou dynasties.The strip-shaped notch might be used to fix the artifact in the casting process.However,the possibility that the notch was rooted in some special cultural practices or special-customized requirements cannot be ruled out.