2019年全国疟疾疫情特征分析及消除工作进展

Epidemiological characteristics of malaria and progress on its elimination in China in 2019

收集整理寄生虫病防治信息管理系统中2019年全国31个省(市、区,未包括台湾、香港和澳门地区)疟疾疫情资料,对疟疾疫情特征和消除工作进展等进行统计分析。2019年全国779个机构累计报告疟疾病例2674例,较2018年(2678例)减少了4例;其中境外输入性病例2673例,三日疟长潜伏期病例1例,无本土原发蚊传疟疾病例报告;中国籍2487例(93.0%,2487/2674),外国籍187例(3.0%,187/2674);男女性别比为14.9∶1,主要集中在30~49岁年龄组(60.3%,1613/2674);间日疟289例(10.8%,289/2674),恶性疟1950例(72.9%,1950/2674),三日疟97例(3.6%,97/2674),卵形疟298例(11.1%,298/2674),混合感染35例(1.3%,35/2674);临床诊断病例5例(0.2%,5/2674)。29个省(市、区)有病例报告,报告病例数位居前5位的省份依次为江苏(9.1%,244/2674)、山东(8.5%,228/2674)、河南(8.5%,227/2674)、广东(7.7%,206/2674)和四川(7.4%,199/2674),其中4个边境省份(云南、广西、辽宁和新疆)共报告疟疾病例433例(16.2%,433/2674)。11个省(市、区)共报告疟疾死亡病例19例(0.3%,19/2674),较2018年的7例(0.3%,9/2678)上升了171.4%。所有病例均在24 h内完成上报,3 d内流行病学个案调查完成率为97.9%(2619/2674),7 d内调查并处置疫点2326个。我国已连续3年无本土原发蚊传疟疾病例报告,今后应继续加强输入性疟疾和边境疟疾的监测和管理,防止疟疾输入再传播发生,减少疟疾死亡风险,巩固消除疟疾成果。

Malaria epidemic data from 31 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions(Taiwan region,Hong Kong and Macao not included)of China in 2019 were collected through the Malaria-specific Reporting System in the Information Network for Parasitic Diseases Control.The epidemiological characteristics of malaria and progress on its elimination were analyzed.In 2019,a total of 2674 malaria cases were reported from 779 institutions in China,being 4 cases less than that reported in 2018(2678 cases);2673 cases were reported as imported cases,and 1 case was malariae malaria with a long incubation.No indigenous cases were reported.The total reported cases included 2487 Chinese cases(93.0%,2487/2674)and 187 cases of foreign nationality(3.0%,187/2674);with a male-to-female ratio of 14.9:1,and a age distribution of mostly at 30-49 years(60.3%,1613/2674).The reported cases comprised vivax malaria(10.8%,289/2674),falciparum malaria(72.9%,1950/2674),malariae malaria(3.6%,97/2674),ovale malaria(11.1%,298/2674),mixed infections(1.3%,35/2674)and clinically diagnosed cases(0.2%,5/2674).The cases were reported from 29 provinces,with the top 5 provinces being Jiangsu(9.1%,244/2674),Shandong(8.5%,228/2674),Henan(8.5%,227/2674),Guangdong(7.7%,206/2674)and Sichuan(7.4%,199/2674),among them,433 cases(16.2%,433/2674)were reported from 4 border provinces(Yunnan,Guangxi,Liaoning,Xinjiang).Totally 19 deaths(0.3%,19/2674)were reported from 11 provinces,increased by 171.4%compared to the 7 deaths in 2018.The 1-3-7 approach was implemented nationwide with good performance:all cases were reported within 24 hours after diagnosis,97.9%(2619/2674)of them were investigated on epidemiology within 3 days,and 2326 foci were identified,investigated and responded to within 7 days.In conclusion,no indigenous malaria cases have been reported since 2017,more efforts should be made to continuously strengthen surveillance and management for imported malaria and border malaria,thus to prevent from re-transmission,reduce the risk of death and consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination in the country.