400例危重创伤患者的流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of 400 patients with severe trauma

目的了解山东省博山地区三甲医院危重创伤患者的特点,为该地区危重创伤的预防和干预提供依据。方法对2015—2017年在淄博市第一医院急诊科就诊的400例急危重、急重症创伤患者的临床资料进行分析,内容包括就诊时间、性别、年龄、住址、生命体征、诊断、创伤原因、转归、急诊科滞留时间等。结果400例患者中,2015—2017年分别就诊86例(21.50%)、122例(30.50%)和192例(48.00%);男女比例为3∶1;年龄(51.76±17.89)岁,以≥40岁(315例,78.75%)和远城区(143例,35.75%)患者为主。急诊死亡52例,死亡率为13.00%。患者主要为多发伤274例(68.50%),单一伤126例(31.50%)。创伤原因主要为车祸伤204例(51.00%)。夏季就诊例数最多134例(33.50%);累计月分布8月份(53例,13.25%)最多;以20∶01~22∶00时段(59例14.75%)及16∶01~18∶00时段(55例,13.75%)为主。结论山东博山地区应重视40岁以上男性非城区居民急性创伤的宣传教育,加强道路交通安全、安全生产管理,建议本地区多设立院前急救站,保证远城区居民急救需求。

Objective To understand the characteristics of patients with critical trauma in a hospital in Boshan,Shandong Province,so as to provide evidences for the prevention and intervention of critical trauma in this region.Methods By retrospective survey,the data of 400 patients with severe trauma from January 1st,2015 to December 31st,2017 in Emergency Department,the First Hospital of Zibo were collected and analyzed.The contents included clinical time,gender,age,address,vital signs,diagnosis,traumatic causes,outcome,emergency detention time,etc.Results Among the 400 patients,86 cases(21.50%),122 cases(30.50%)and 192 cases(48.00%)were visited the hospital during 2015-2017,respectively.The male to female ratio was 3∶1,and the age was(51.76±17.89)years old.Patients were mainly over 40 years old(315 cases,78.75%)and from far urban area(143 cases,35.75%).A total of 52 cases died in emergency with the mortality rate of 13.00%.There were 274 patients with multiple injuries(68.50%)and 126 patients with single injury(31.50%).The main cause of trauma was car accident injury(204 cases,51.00%).The peak visit time was in summer(134 cases,33.50%),especially in August(53 cases,13.25%).There were 59 cases(14.75%)visited from 20:01 to 22:00 and 55 cases(13.75%)from 16∶01 to 18∶00.Conclusions It should be attached importance to the publicity and education of acute trauma for male non-urban residents over 40 years old in Boshan District of Shandong Province,as well as to strengthen traffic safety and production safety management.It is suggested that more pre-hospital first-aid stations should be set up in this area to ensure the safety of residents.