关于玉米种植密度的思考与讨论

Consideration and Discussion on Maize Planting Density

基于前人的研究成果,结合多年来开展的有关田间试验及生产调研工作,对玉米种植密度及其相关问题进行分析与探讨。研究结果表明,玉米不同性状对种植密度变化的响应存在明显差异,一般越是发育与建成较晚的器官(性状)对密度变化的反应越是敏感。除了玉米品种本身耐密性等因素以外,产量环境是种植密度高低的决定性因素。玉米品种的耐密性应从性状角度予以认识与评判,抗倒伏性和结实性是评判品种耐密性最为重要的两个(类)性状。在玉米新组合初、中级测试时,要设置尽可能偏高的密度。在新育成玉米品种推广之前,应设置多环境×多密度互作试验,以测试出新品种在不同产量环境下的耐密性,明确新品种在每一个具体产量环境类型中的安全生产密度。

Based on the previous research results, and combined with field experiments and production investigation carried out over the years, the planting density(PD) of maize and related issues were analyzed and discussed in this paper. The preliminary conclusions were as follows, the response of maize morphological characteristics to the change of PD showed obvious difference;in general, the more recently developed and built organs(i.e. morphological characteristics) are, the more sensitive they are to changes in PD. The yield environment is often the decisive factor of PD, except for the factors such as the density-tolerance of maize hybrids. The density-tolerance of maize hybrids should be recognized and evaluated from the perspective of morphological characteristics, and lodging resistance and kernel setting ability are the two most important characteristics to evaluate the density-tolerance of maize hybrids. In the primary and intermediate tests of new maize hybrids, the highest possible PD should be set. However, before the development and promotion of a new maize hybrid, a multi-environment, and multi-density interaction test should be set up to test the density-tolerance of the new hybrid in different yield environments and to determine the safe production PD of the new hybrid in each specific yield environment type.